A DHCP server responds with a DHCP lease offer.Client powers on, the clients network interface card firmware sends a DHCP request over the network.Also the server components can be spread across multiple hosts.
Understanding the flow will help in the event you need to troubleshoot a boot failure. The diagram below shows the high level flow of the PXE boot process. For example the process we follow in this tutorial.
Disk-less systems which always boot off the network. For example, using dd to write a disk image or using a debian preseed installer. In this use case the PXE boot process initializes the system by installing an operating system on local storage. Initial bootstrap or provisioning of a network enabled server. PXE is typically used in one of two ways: It uses standard networking protocols to achieve network booting. At a high level PXE is a standard for network booting a computer. PXE stands for Preboot Execution Environment. If you want to dive deeper on PXE we suggest you read out post What is PXE? How does it work? Because most of the provisioning happens on a central server I can eventually automate it via scripts. The OS and file system live on a central server. For example, when you netboot a Pi it does not require an SD card to boot. Netbooting is a good path to achieve these. 
Automate updates/upgrades as much as possible. Simplify Pi provisioning and maintenance as much as possible. As a result of this my first stage of the project is figuring out how to PXE boot the Raspberry Pi 4. I want to make provisioning and re-provisioning the cluster nodes easy as pie (pun intended). 10 Pis will be in the cluster for running containerized workloads. I am embarking on an IOT project using Raspberry Pis in a Kubernetes cluster. I provide a troubleshooting guide in this how to. Troubleshooting tips tended to be lacking. I aim to provide more insight into the PXE boot process. Glossing over the underlying technologies assuming knowledge of PXE boot. However there are subtle differences between PXE booting the Pi 3 and Pi4. So I decided to write a tutorial that addresses the following gaps. However they all have some gaps I filled in myself. Configure the /etc/fstab to mount via NFSĭoes the world need another Raspberry Pi PXE boot tutorial? I read many amazing docs, forum posts and blog posts on the topic before starting this project. Configure the NFS exports on the PXE boot server. 
Configure the PXE server to use a static IP.Create the NFS, tftp boot directories and create our base netboot filesystem.Update Raspbian and install rpi-eeprom, rsync and dnsmasq.
Phase 2 – Raspberry Pi PXE Boot Server Configuration.Configure the Rasperry Pi 4 bootloader to PXE boot.Install Raspbian on an SD card and install needed tools.Phase 1 – PXE Boot Client Configuration.Why PXE boot or netboot a Raspberry Pi?.What does this Raspberry Pi PXE Boot tutorial cover?.
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